About Hernias

This is the most common type of hernia, especially in men. It occurs when tissue, such as part of the intestine, pushes through a weak spot in the lower abdominal wall near the groin. You may notice a bulge on one or both sides of the groin that becomes more pronounced when standing, coughing, or straining. Inguinal hernias can be uncomfortable or painful, particularly when lifting heavy objects.

An umbilical hernia appears near the belly button (navel). It happens when part of the intestine or fatty tissue pushes through the abdominal wall at the navel. This type is most commonly seen in infants, especially premature babies, and usually closes on its own during early childhood. In adults, it may develop due to increased abdominal pressure from obesity, pregnancy, or fluid in the abdomen.

Unlike other hernias, a hiatal hernia forms inside the body rather than being visible on the surface. It occurs when the upper part of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity. Hiatal hernias are more common in people over 50 and can contribute to acid reflux or heartburn. Symptoms may include chest discomfort, difficulty swallowing, or a sour taste in the mouth—though some people may have no symptoms at all.

A femoral hernia occurs lower in the groin. While less common than inguinal hernias, they occur more often in women, particularly older women. These hernias may not cause obvious symptoms at first but carry a higher risk of becoming strangulated, which requires emergency care.

An incisional hernia can develop at the site of a previous surgical incision, especially if the abdominal wall did not heal properly after surgery. The area around the scar may bulge or feel tender, especially when coughing or standing for long periods. These hernias can appear months or even years after surgery and may gradually enlarge over time.